Gun Control Policy Brief Essays - 1884 Words

What is the Issue? Gun Control What is the Question? Should gun control be instituted in the United States? The concept of gun control has become a hot button item as we live in a country where mass murders, school shootings, and many other gun related crimes are becoming more and more frequent. People are faced with the impending questions on what should be done to limit these types of crimes and how can one defend themselves and their loved ones from becoming victims to these senseless acts? The main question regarding these issues is; should stricter gun control be instituted in the United States? As defined by Merriam-Webster, â€Å"gun control is laws that control how guns are sold and used and who can own them.† Around this†¦show more content†¦They are reform gun policy and total gun-control. Many ordinary citizens confuse these two as being one in the same, but they are in fact very different. Reform policy looks at addressing the gun-control laws that are already on the books, and total gun control many view as the government taking away all guns or sever res triction on the types of guns civilians many possess. Reform gun policy seems to have support from a vast majority of people, including the NRA which lobbies against total gun-control. Gun-control policies today focus on one or more of four general objectives. These laws aim to: 1. Define conditions that prohibit a person from possessing firearms; 2. Implement regulations to prevent prohibited persons from possessing firearms; 3. Restrict carrying of concealed firearms outside the home; and 4. Regulate the design of firearms to enhance public and personal safety.10 The idea of policy reform aims to enhance the laws on the books and attempt to remove loopholes that are making the purchase of firearms very easy for those who under federal law are barred from owning them. The concept of total gun-control is viewed by many as the ban of all firearms for civilian possession, as well as severe restrictions on the certain types of firearms allowed for civilian possession. In very recent years we can examine the effects of instituting sever gun restriction in cities and the negative effects that it had. Washington DC and Chicago provideShow MoreRelatedThe Bill Of Rights Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsible law abiding adults is protected by the Second Amendment. Other regulations challenged included a law requiring the re-registering of guns every year and the bizarre penalty imposed by city officials for failure to comply with its registration scheme (Chicago Gun Laws FAQ). These regulations were challenges because of the ste ep penalties and hefty fines gun owners faced if they did not comply with the laws. The head of the McDonald legal team argued that state and local governments should beRead MoreGun Control Essay973 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the United States is the debate over guns. What started off as a debate over who should have guns in colonial times, ended up a debate over whether the government should impose stricter laws or leave gun rights alone. There are numerous reasons to have stricter laws, such as the protection of society, but there are still people who oppose strict gun laws. First, let me give a brief history of this public concern. The issue of gun control has been an ongoing debate since the colonialRead MorePresident Obama s 2015 Executive Actions On Gun Control1242 Words   |  5 PagesActions on Gun Control. National Conference of State Legislatures. 5 Jan. 2016. Web. 09 Jan. 2016. President Obama s 2015 Executive Actions on Gun Control. Susan Frederick is the senior federal affairs counsel at National Conference of State Legislatures. She writes an article, President Obama s 2015 Executive Actions on Gun Control, in which she gives an overview of President Obama’s actions regarding gun regulation policy. Frederick begins by writing that the new regulations towards gun control areRead MoreAmmunition over Guns Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesrights of citizens in America, and the right to keep and bear arms is a vital part of the individual rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Gun control, or even a ban, infringes upon this fundamental freedom of America’s constitutional law. Furthermore, the problems being targeted are not problems, and the technology being discredited, ludicrous. Finally, gun control proponents base their arguments on fearful statistics, whereas statistics, in reality, favor less restrictive arms bans. Argument has alwaysRead MoreGun Rights - Right Or Wrong? . 28Th March 2017, Us History1534 Words   |  7 PagesGun Rights - Right or Wrong? 28th March 2017, US history I (R) block-3, Mr Hill Gun control is a major part of American Politics. One problem in the gun control discussion is if the people should have the right to â€Å"Conceal-and-carry† weapons with them all the time.The Founding Fathers saw owning a gun   as a means to protect against tyrannical rule. America’s foundation was built with firearms. Ever since America’s freedom from Britain, American’s have been enthralled with firearms. A part of ourRead MoreThe Second Amendment : The United States And Its Citizens978 Words   |  4 Pagesamendment is truly beneficial to making money in the U.S. economy. First, I want to cover why this amendment is important to the United States and its citizens. For example, one of my most favored actors Ice-T has proven to be a very big supporter of gun rights and an avid backer of the 2ND Amendment, and in an interview with Channel 4 TV in London, England he states that ,â€Å"Yeah, it’s legal in the United States. It s part of our Constitution. You know, the right to bear arms is because that’s the lastRead MorePromoting Gun Control in Bowling For Columbine Essay721 Words   |  3 PagesThe Techniques of Michael Moore in Bowling For Columbine to Present the Message on Gun Control Michael Moore has used several successful techniques in Bowling For Columbine to present a provocative message on gun control in America. These techniques are composed of visuals, sounds, editing, interviews, political messages and many more. Camera work is used in a manipulative way in Bowling for Columbine. There is a purpose for every camera angle used in the documentaryRead MoreConcealed Handgun Laws On The United States1597 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyzed document for policy makers and government officials. The Second Amendment in the Constitution of the United States of America is a popular topic in recent history with regards to the stances taken by political parties. With the recent amount of school shootings and media attention on gun related violence, it has brought attention to the debate of gun control and the proper steps to reduce the violence. Concealed gun laws have been very important to the discussion of gun control. There have beenRead MoreThis Paper Delves Into The Realm Of Political Issues, Specifically1514 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper delves into the realm of political issues, specifically the â€Å"gun control† debate. The findings for this paper are comprised of information extracted from four scholarly journals (Emory Law Journal (2006), Fordham Urban Law Journal (2013), Justice Policy Journal (2013) and the Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (2008)) that are accompanied by several other lower echelon articles (www.pbs.org www.businessinsider.com). The paper can be divided up into four differentRead MoreSimilarities And Similarities Of Police Training And Policy During The United States And Other Countries1349 Words   |  6 PagesTraining and Policy in the United States and other Countries The topic of police in general, and the brutal beatings, shootings, and arrests that have occurred over the past couple of years in the United States has hit the media full force, leaving many wondering what actions should be taken to keep the peace. Many question the system as a whole, and the training police officers receive, as well as their mental health. Across the borders, police are trained differently and follow various policies that may

Enterprise IT Architecture Essay - 573 Words

Zachman was one of the pioneers of enterprise IT architecture. His article, Business Systems Planning and Business Information Control Study: A comparison†, was an early effort to suggest that businesses should think more carefully about how they integrated systems and data. He used the analogy of architecture, since, as Hurley and Tompkins summarise, â€Å"each stage in the building of a house requires different levels of detail. At each stage, decisions need to be made about what materials compromise the product, how it will work, where the components are located, who is involved, when tasks need to be completed, and why they are important† (Hurley and Tompkins, 1999:76). This was developed in the early 1990’s by authors like Wiley, who†¦show more content†¦Information technology strategy theorists have also commented on this disparity between plan and information, such as Gottschalk (Gottschalk 1999a). In fact, Gottschalk attempted to address this issu e with his ‘strategy implementation matrix’, which tried to resolve the disparity by appeal to enterprise resource planning (Gottschalk 1999b). M. J. Earl wrote on information system strategy, and argued that there were five different models: business-led, method-driven, administrative, technological, and organisational (Earl 1990:181). He argued that organisational was the best, which is the system that treats strategic information system planning as being â€Å"based on IS [information systems] decisions being made through continuous integration between the IS function and the organization.† (Earl 1990:195) One interesting development of this that links Earl’s work with later IT Architecture theory is the work by Kanungo, Sadavarti and Srinivas, which, via a case study of the Indian public sector, draws connections between strategy implementation and organisational culture (Kanungo, Sadavarti and Srinivas, 2001). What can be concluded from this literature is that the term ‘Enterprise IT Architecture’ has evolved to mean something quite distinct from other concepts. This is confirmed by discussions had with IT professionals, who understand it to refer to the synthesis of all the organisation’s assets, which includes (but is notShow MoreRelatedEnterprise Architecture : Business Architecture1206 Words   |  5 PagesEnterprise Architecture IA-3 2. Here are a few enterprise architecture risks provided by Regine Deleu, †¢ Stakeholders have no understanding of enterprise architecture, and therefore will not support it. This happens when the stakeholders don’t participate in the enterprise architecture program. Another reason can be that the enterprise architecture artifacts are not used in projects, and as a result management questions its value. A solution is to educate and communicate the value of enterprise architectureRead MoreThe Enterprise Architecture ( Ea ) Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesBody Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a process of describing the structure and behavior of an enterprise (including its information systems), then planning and governing changes to improve the integrity and flexibility of the enterprise. â€Å"Well Gartner defines EA is the process of translating business vision and strategy into effective enterprise change by creating, communicating and improving the key requirements, principles and models that describe the enterprise’s future state and enable its evolution†Read MoreEnterprise Architecture Proposal2278 Words   |  10 PagesBachelor in Information Technology Program U10a2 Enterprise Architecture Proposal for Ralph’s Ribs For IT3200, Section 05 Rolando Rueda-de-Leon Submitted 9/17/2010 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Analysis of the existing foundation for execution 4 Organization Chart 5 Definition of the Operating Model for Ralph’s Ribs 5 Business Process Standardization 6 Recommended Process Standardization 6 Comparison of Operating ModelRead More Enterprise Architecture Essay713 Words   |  3 Pagesrecommendation of technologies, agencies risk building and deploying solutions that use proprietary technologies, are not aligned to the Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) and isolate themselves from other initiatives and cross-agency business functions. To mitigate these risks, the FEAProgram Management Office (PMO) created a Component-Based Architecture that defines a set of recommendations that should be considered when selecting the tools, technologies, and industrystandards that will be usedRead MoreEnterprise Architecture ( Ea )1567 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprise architecture (EA) is â€Å"a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identifyRead MoreStructure And Operation Of A Enterprise Architecture2234 Words   |  9 PagesTOPIC A1 Enterprise Architecture EA is about designing, managing and planning an organization/firm’s IT assets, people, and processes so it can achieve business strategy/goals providing benefit to the business.An enterprise architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The intent of enterprise architecture is to understand how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives. Importance of EA ïÆ'Ëœ Holistic ApproachRead MoreEnterprise Systems Architecture Of An Organization1523 Words   |  7 Pages Enterprise Systems Architecture Kerven Nelson Nova Southeastern University â€Æ' Enterprise system Architecture (ESA) is the overall IT system architecture of an organization. This architecture is the key part of managing and evolving IT systems, and therefore the business operations, of an organization. It consists of the architectures of individual systems and their relationships in the perspective of an organization. The Air Force has a limited idea of what enterprise architecture is,Read MoreStructure And Behaviour Of An Enterprise Architecture759 Words   |  4 PagesEnterprise Architecture There are a number of definitions that exist of Enterprise Architecture. An enterprise is a collaborative collection of sub-organizations with a shared objective. Architecture is a description of the structure and behaviour of a system. Therefore enterprise architecture is a documentation describing the structure and behaviour of an enterprise including its information systems. There is need for flexibility and resilience in Enterprise Architecture. A lot depends on what sortRead MoreEnterprise Architecture, Questions and Answer 1754 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor issues in the practice of Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise Architecture continues to grow and expand with the growth and widespread integration of enterprise systems. With this progress there are consistently new problems which arise regarding Enterprise Architecture and its applications. Three of the major current issues which are faced by majority of Enterprise Architects are that Architects have no control over organisational changes, Enterprise Architecture is enormously time consumingRead MoreApplication Of The Traditional Enterprise Architecture Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe traditional enterprise architecture, is currently using MPLS as a sole mean for connectivity with small internet traffic. Due to recent shifts in the marketplace the traditional architecture is challenging to satisfy todays enterprise environments. The shift includes emerging technologies that require emerging cloud computing, video and technologies. Networking departments face a challenge with organization and resulting in performance issues, requiring extensive network re-design. Managed

then who do we believe Essay - 1770 Words

The Ultimate Dilema nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are several safety precautions that we as humans take to ensure our safety. Humans most commonly test things before selling or using them. This can avoid liability and make sure products are safe. Cosmetics are among the many types of products that are being tested such as fragrances, toiletries, and cosmetics that are tested on millions of animals each year. This has created several controversies between animal rights activists and cosmetic manufacturers. Especially in the European Union Council of Ministers where they want to ban animal testing as soon as they can develop enough alternatives (Milmo, 6). This is because several animals are used in experimentations to test if†¦show more content†¦This is why the tests on products used in or around the eye were so important to be tested. This law may have prevented several lawsuits that may have occurred in the future. However the cosmetic manufacturers are not required by the FDA to conduct saf ety tests for cosmetics. Though the testing is important for safety, the amount of animals that are killed each year is cruel. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Using animals with a lower level of intelligence then the normal human being for a renewable resource is wrong (McCoy, 88). It is also immoral to use animals in experiments on products that are not necessities for human survival. There are basic moral rights that are granted to everyone, which include life, liberty, happiness or well being, and freedom from suffering (Fox, 54). These rights are not legal rights, but moral rights that humans seem to think are only granted to them. Animals always have to adapt to our type of lifestyle even if it means having to suffer (Planet for the Taking Series: Ultimate Slavery). The thought of using millions of animals each year for cosmetic testing is harsh. This is because several of the tests inflict pain and suffering on animals. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two traditional tests used to test cosmetics. One of these tests on animals is the LD50, which stands for the legal dose for 50% of the animals that are exposed to the chemical in anShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Catholicism And Secular Humanism1617 Words   |  7 PagesA similarity is that both Catholicism and Secular Humanism believe that there is a moral code which must be followed to live a peaceful life, however they differ as to the origin, with Catholicism being that God created the moral compass whereas Secular Humanists believe that human character and behaviour created moral beliefs. Both believe in the ethical principles and the dignity and worth of all people and creation. Both also believe in the truth setting individuals free and that there is a purposeRead MoreChristian Worldview Reflection1481 Words   |  6 PagesDo you know? How is it possible to know that the universe is expanding? How is it possible that through Red Shift and the Doppler effect, we can know, scientifically, that there was a beginning of the universe? How is it possible that the universe functions so perfectly? That no element, no atom, no tick of time or an inch of space is off in any way? How is it possible that the slightest shift of gravity could mess up our entire world? How is it possible that we, you and I, are breathing, thinkingRead MorePersonal Statement On Personal Religion1522 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst communion and even did my confirmation. I believe in one God; but I also believe in God as a Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit. I believe in Angels, Saints, and the old and new testament. I believe in Mary, God’s mother, and I also believe in all of Jesus’s apostles. We Catholics also believe in the devil, and that he is real, but we in no way possible worship him. I also believe that we have a heaven and a hell, and a purgatory. Heaven, I believe is the Garden of Eden, a beautiful place whereRead MoreHow much a lie can affect us? By definition lie means: A lie is a false statement to a person or1300 Words   |  6 Pagesmade by another person or group who knows it is not the whole truth, intentionally (2). A lie it’s compound by two characters; the person who tells the lie and the person who believes on the lie without knowing. It creates a fantasy environment in which the person who believes in it creates their present and needs around it, while the person who tells the lie keeps creating an imaginary world in order to be able to keep it. How much can a lie hurt or last? I believe that it will always depend ofRead MoreMoral Relativism And Moral Morality1627 Words   |  7 Pageswhat is the best choice. Some examples of Philosophers who fall under the moral realism category are Richard Boyd, as he believes that moral statements are either true or false. In addition,the great philosopher known as Plato also leaned towards the moral realism side rather then moral relativism. Moral Relativism is culturally based upon the believes of ones right or wrong decisions. Every day people decide what is right for themselves to do that morning when they wake up. Over the years moralRead MoreCore Issues in Ethics and Honesty1659 Words   |  7 Pages I believe in honesty. Webster’s Dictionary says that the definition of honesty is freedom from deceit or fraud. I believe that being honest all the time will never require you to lie. Honesty shows that you are genuine and transparent in your actions. I believe when speaking the truth you will never be â€Å"caught in a lie†. When you are an honest person, people trust you and when people trust you, you earn others respect. I believe that if you are honest you will be a much happier person and you willRead MorePascal s Wager And The Existence Of God1649 Words   |  7 Pagesexistence of a God, they would never be able to experience eternal happiness regardless if they were right or wrong. Some may argue that Pascal’s wager does not take into account the fact that different religions believe in different Gods. The God that a follower believes may not be the â€Å"true† God who grants eternal life and happiness. Therefore, the time spent practicing the reli gion of their God would have been wasted. These followers could have been maximizing their happiness by devoting their time toRead MoreDebate on Male vs. Female943 Words   |  4 PagesMy Debate on Sex In my opinion the biggest social issue we face is prostitution. I believe it should be legal. If an adult woman wants to sell her services of sexual acts, she should be allowed to do so. Women sell their bodies for movies and advertisements. Women sell their eggs to help other women produce babies. Some women rent out their wombs for other women. These acts are legal; there is no reason why a woman should not be able to make a business out of selling sex acts. The business shouldRead MoreAre We Morally Responsible? Can We Be Held Accountable1012 Words   |  5 PagesAre we Morally responsible? Can we be held accountable for what we do? In â€Å" Peter Van Inwagen: The moral argument for freedom†, Inwagen explains his view on moral accountability. He strongly believes that we have moral freedom and have the ability to choose from right and wrong. Many Philosophers believed otherwise. Although it’s arguable, the most competent human being has the ability to judge their action before doing so and are aware of the outcomes. Whether you’re hurting someone or intentionallyRead MoreIntegrating Psychology And Theology Case Study1034 Words   |  5 Pageslight in our darkened world. It is through Him that we are able to gain knowledge and understanding of the world around us. I believe that God has left us instructions in the Bible that cover all aspects of life and give us a starting point to base our knowledge off of. I identify with the Allies integration approach when it comes to intertwining my faith with the field of Psychology because this model â€Å"recognizes that all truth is known by God, who is Sovereign over all things. It acknowledges that

Feasibility And Benefits Of Business Process Outsourcing...

Research Report Introduction- The research topic is to find the feasibility and the benefits of Business process outsourcing and Knowledge process outsourcing, in India. The research is planned to be conducted keeping Indian market in perspective, which is why one of the booming industries ‘Outsourcing units’ has been chosen, to complete the research on. India has come out to be major player in the outsourcing business since past a few years. (Ahmedabad) Outsourcing the business is in trend as it helps the company to cut the operational cost. It basically means the multinational companies handing over of their task like sales or collections, to another company on a target basis payment contract. This creates a win- win situation for both the companies as former one gets to save a lot of time, money and energy and the latter gets the business. India specifically is benefitted because of several reasons as a huge population of economical and effective labour resides in the country. India stands the second highest in possessing the english-speaking and computer friendly population. (Ahmedabad) Typically, the business that is passed over to the business processing outsourcing units is the non-core activities of the multinational companies. This research will be done keeping the Indian market in mind, which is why most of the references taken to make this literature review are done keeping Indian industry in mind. Also it has been made sure, that most of the data used to makeShow MoreRelated It Outsourcing Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesIt Outsourcing INTRODUCTION Companies are increasingly outsourcing the management of information technology (IT) for reasons that include concern for cost and quality, lagging IT performance, supplier pressure, access to special technical and application skills, and other financial factors. The outsourcing solution is acceptable to large and small firms alike because strategic alliances are now more common and the IT environment is changing rapidly. REASON TO OUTSOURCE Although the mixRead MoreEssay on Prism Canada Inc. Case Study1517 Words   |  7 PagesPrism Canada Inc. Case Study Problem Statement: Will outsourcing the company’s inefficient sheet metal operation be a proper strategic move to save the company money and satisfy current and potential customers with respects to quality and delivery lead time? Size up: Item | So What? | Machine break-downs | Since break-downs occur at the initial step, the rest of the process gets delayed causing longer customer lead time and extra shifts are required which increases labour expense. | Read MoreInformation Systems-Chapter 9 Global Informartion Systems2404 Words   |  10 PagesInformation Systems Why go Global? –Customers demand integrated worldwide services. Example: shoe company. Prerequisites to the success of a global information system: -Clear understanding of factors such as customs, laws, technological issues, and local business needs and practices. Airline reservation systems- first large-scale interactive global system Global products-Products or services that have been standardized for all markets. Manufacturer might â€Å"regionalize† operations Globalization- importantRead MorePhases, Steps, Techniques, And Deliverables1166 Words   |  5 Pages1. Compare and contrast phases, steps, techniques, and deliverables. Phase: it is the categorization of work that is to be performed Steps: The process that is involved in completing the work in a particular phase Techniques: The approach which helps to complete the steps involved in that particular phase Deliverables: The result/output that we get after completion of work So in order to complete a task we categorize it into different phases and each phase consists of sequential steps that are toRead MoreProj410 Case Study 2 Essay2719 Words   |  11 Pagesoutline the outsourcing / contracting process for Travel Magazine. This process will ultimately be used to determine which business processes at Travel Magazine will be outsourced and which will remain in-house. In addition, this summary will include various vendor selection considerations, such as evaluation criteria and performance measurements, for those processes that will be outsourced. GENERAL OUTSOURCING INFORMATION: The following is some general information regarding the outsourcing of businessRead MoreCase Analysis Ockham Technology932 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Case Analysis – Ockham Technology 1. Assessment of the job Jim has done getting started and assembling key human resources a. Problems and Solutions Problem Solution Process Founding a team Define what they (Jim and Ken) can contribute Identify other needed skills/capabilities Decide number of people they need Look for ideal candidates from their network Complete Less than enough (co)founder commitment Jim and Mike quit their jobs Ken wrote a check as part of initial capital but did not quit hisRead MoreAvoiding the Alignment Trap in Information Technology1825 Words   |  7 Pagesprojects fail to deliver the expected functionality, timing and cost. According to survey results, two major patterns lead to failure of IT: alignment and efficiency. Alignment is the degree to which the IT group understands the priorities of the business and expends its resources, pursues projects ad provides information consistent with them. This case recognized the following four IT alignment quadrants that companies fall into as followed: 1. Alignment Trap: This situation arises when businesssRead MoreRisks For An Entrepreneur Who Becomes Emotionally Attached Essay936 Words   |  4 Pages4-3: There are many risks for an entrepreneur who becomes emotionally attached to an idea to a new business. One of risk is that it might waste the entrepreneur a lot of time and money. Another risk is that new idea can destroy the achievement they have got before. 4-10: Tools for conducting primary research: 1. Customer surveys and questionnaires: Creating a surveys or questionnaires for collecting customer’s ideas. 2. Focus groups: Focus group refers a form of qualitative research that a groupRead MoreInformation Security Chap 4 Review3068 Words   |  13 Pages1. What is risk management? Why is the identification of risks, by listing assets and their vulnerabilities, so important to the risk management process? Risk management is the process of identifying risk, as represented by vulnerabilities, to an organization’s information assets and infrastructure, and taking steps to reduce this risk to an acceptable level. Each of the three elements in the C.I.A. triangle, introduced in Chapter 1, is an essential part of every IT organization’s ability to sustainRead MoreOutsourcing Risk1852 Words   |  8 PagesOutsourcing Risk Abstract Outsourcing can be expensive and have multiple risks; however, in this paper I will identify the possible risks to an organization in each of the following outsourcing situations: ââ€" ª External service provider for data storage ââ€" ª Enterprise service provider for processing information systems applications such as a payroll, human resources, or sales order taking ââ€" ª Use of a vendor to support your desktop computers ââ€" ª Use of a vendor to provide network

Cohesive Vs. Non-Cohesive Teams and the Application â€Free Samples

Question: How Do Cohesive Vs. Non-Cohesive and the Teams Application? Answer: Introducation The school of management thought is perceived as theoretical frameworks that are used for the study of management. However, there are various performance management thoughts, which are based on different assumptions about people and organizations. However, the study of performance management has progressed over time, and various thinkers believe that the best approach is good management practice (Aguinis, 2011). Nevertheless, there are disagreements that exist. The classical school of management Basically, this is a thought of management is the most organizations. Its basic establishments originate in the 20th century. It concerns ways to deal with manage work and organizations more capable (Barrows and Neely, 2012). Scientific management school of thought The logical management approach was familiar in an attempt with make a mental uprising in the workplace. It can be portrayed as the ponder examination of work procedures remembering the ultimate objective to improve adequacy. The logical administration has a couple of imperative principles (Carver and Scheier, 1981). In any case, it requires the usage of the logical system to work to choose the best methodology for accomplishing every task. Second, logical administration prescribes that authorities should be experimentally picked in light of their capacities and arranged to play out their occupations in the perfect way. Logical management advocates certifiable interest among workers and administration in light of shared self-interest. Finally, logical administration suggests that administration should accept complete risk for orchestrating the work and that pros' fundamental commitment should execute administration's plans (Campion and Lord, 1982). Other basic properties of logical administration fuse the logical change of troublesome yet sensible execution benchmarks and the use of a pay for-execution catalyst orchestrate in light of work rules. Logical administration influenced administration to sharpen in the mid-twentieth century. Regardless of the way that it doesn't address a whole speculation of administration, it has added to the examination of administration and organizations in various reaches, including human resource administration and mechanical planning. A weighty segment of the basics of logical administration is up 'til now generous today. Administrative management Managerial administration focuses on the administration technique and norms of administration. Fayol displayed fourteen models of administration, which included maxims related to the division of work, authority and obligation, solidarity of request and heading, centralization, subordinate action, and collaboration (Krausert, 2009). But the authoritative administration has been rebuffed as being inflexible and immovable and the authenticity of the utilitarian approach to managing administration has been investigated, this school of thought still affects administration theory and practice. The utilitarian approach to managing administration is up 'til now the overall strategy for sorting out administration learning, and huge bits of Fayol's gauges of administration, when associated with the versatility that he pushed, are up 'til now thought to be relevant. Bureaucratic management Bureaucratic administration focuses on the ideal sort of affiliation. Max Weber was the noteworthy supporter of bureaucratic administration. In light of observation, Weber assumed that various early organizations were inefficiently supervised, with decisions in light of individual associations and reliability. He recommended that a sort of affiliation, called an organization, portrayed by the division of work, levels of leadership, formalized principles, nonspecific quality, and the assurance and headway of agents in perspective of limit would incite more viable administration. Weber furthermore fought that managers' energy in an affiliation should be developed not as for custom or persona but instead on the position held by directors in the definitive pecking request. Management has come to stay for determination and waste, yet Weber did not a supporter found in various bureaucratic organizations today (Locke, 1991). Weber's musings confined the explanation behind current affiliatio n theory are up 'til now edifying of a couple of organizations. 360-degree feedback 360 Degree Feedback is process in which confounding feedback from employees at work are obtained. This ordinarily joins the delegate's manager. It normally ensures that managers get the right information to measure on a rating scale the organization's processes. The individual getting feedback in like way adjusts a self-rating outline that joins similar audit addresses that others get in their structures. The 360 feedback framework outcomes demonstrates an outline that helps the beneficiary roll out an improvement scale (Kodrin and Kaplan, 2016). 360 Feedback can likewise be a huge change instrument for individuals who are not in an organization.360 Feedback for non-managers is beneficial to help individuals be serious in their present tasks and comprehend areas they ought to concentrate on within an organization. Cohesive vs. non-cohesive teams and the application to High-Performance Organizations Group cohesiveness is related to the extent of positive and negative outcomes. Attachment makes a more grounded sentiment feeling of obligation on destinations, which pushes higher individual effort and execution. People from more strong social affairs tend to talk with each other in a more constructive way than those of fewer firm get-togethers. Accordingly, people from sturdy social affairs as often as possible report bigger measures of satisfaction and lower levels of apprehension and weight. This can upgrade fundamental administration and bolster more critical speculation. Finally, by keeping up strong enlistment groups can continue pursuing new destinations once they have fulfilled their one of a kind reason. This makes a task of advantages more gainful since a current tough group can perform well and more quickly than an as of late formed one. Enlistment in a firm group can similarly have negative outcomes. For example, an attachment can heighten social weight to adapt or oblig e solitary expression. Union can in like manner make alteration more troublesome by making bundle shapes unbendable or impenetrable to change. Performance management from a control theory perspective In the field of management, control theory helps managers and leaders to assess business structure for its consistency with pre-described arrangements of organizational parameters (Barrows and Neely, 2012). In addition, performance management is also considered as a tool that assists managers to control the tasks of their employees. Also, it moreover makes speedier and better yields by standard watching and feedback. Automated model communicates that if an affiliation can execute control and execution more satisfactorily. As such, organizations should ensure that they meet their employees basic needs. (Luria G., 2008). In this way, these prerequisites make control hypothesis more pertinent as it goes about as a controller in coordinating up delegate lead with the various leveled direct rules. As such, this will over the long haul provoke achieve the pined for execution. As a matter of fact, control theory professionals expect employees to take into account their information. This fee dback controls the way of an organization performs. Nevertheless, it can have a negative impact in an organization. For instance, it can result into a de-motivation and end employee productivity level diminished. In control, theory the implementation is similarly controlled by costs. However, control theory sounds unnecessarily mechanical; hence making it difficult to analyze that individuals are not able to do at the workplace (Locke, 1991). The balanced scorecard approach The balanced scorecard is an important tool that is used by organizations to changed standard considering execution and estimations. The tool was first introduced in 1992 and a time when businesses were characterized with changing themselves to compete during the information age. In addition, it also affected the ability of entrepreneurs to try insignificant assets that were more convincing than their ability to supervise the physical assets within the enterprise (Biazzo and Garengo, 2011). However, the scorecard is considered as an important tool because it empowered businesses to track and monitor their budgetary results while at the same time watching the capacities required for advancement. In the current business environment, businesses have gone beyond the scorecard's motivation as the establishment of another key management system. The foremost system, translating the vision, helps boss gather an understanding concerning an association's procedure and express it in wording tha t can control action at the close-by level. The second level on and interfacing, calls for giving a framework at all levels of the affiliation and associating it with a unit and individual targets. The third level, business consolidates their attractive methodologies with their budgetary courses of action. The fourth feedback and learning give businesses with the point of confinement as for crucial acknowledging, which includes testing the feedbacks on which a system is based, and making indispensable changes. References Aguinis, H. 2011. Performance Management. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University. Retrieved from https://www.ebsglobal.net/EBS/media/EBS/PDFs/Performance-Management-Course-Taster.pdf Barrows, E., Neely, A. 2012. Managing Performance in Turbulent Times: Analytics and Insight Ed Barrows, Andy Neely. New Jersery: John Wiley Son Inc. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xUSnCgLF9sCpg=PT205dq=control+theory+of+performance+managementhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjj3r2JnL7QAhUhTY8KHU1HC_8Q6AEISTAG#v=onepageq=control theory of performance managementf=false Biazzo, S., Garengo, P. 2011.Performance measurement with the balanced scorecard: A practical approach to implementation within SMEs. Heidelberg: Springer. Campion, M. A., Lord, G. R. 1982. A Control Systems Conceptualization of the Goal-Setting and Changing Process. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 30(2), 265287. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F. 1981. Attention and Self-Regulation: A Control-Theory Approach to Human Behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag. Kodrin, A., Kaplan, R. S. 2016.The balanced scorecard approach for sustainable performance in an uncertain future: The case of climate change : doctoral dissertation. Ljubljana: A. Kodrin. Krausert, A. 2009. Performance Management for Different Employee Groups: A Contribution to the Employment Systems Theory. Heidelberg: Springer- Verlag. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qH_dUI5H3cUCpg=PA18dq=control+theory+of+performance+managementhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjL6YLE5sDQAhVBOo8KHRLQBX0Q6AEISDAF#v=onepageq=control theory of performance managementf=false Locke, E. A. 1991. Goal Theory vs. Control Theory: Contrasting Approaches to Understanding Work. Motivation and Emotion, 15(1), 928. Luria G. (2008). Luria, G. (2008). Controlling for Quality: Climate, Leadership, and Behavior. The Quality Management Journal, 15, 2741. Schmeisser, W. 2011.Controlling and berlin balanced scorecard approach. Place of publication not identified: R Oldenbourg Verlag Gmbh. Shell, S. A. (1992). Control Theory in Strategic Human Resource Management: The Mediating Effect of Administrative Information. Academy of Manage

Cigarette Smoking free essay sample

Topic: cigarette smoking In this day and age, we hear so much about cigarette smoking against delinquent humans . Cigarette smoking is a bad behavior in our daily life. Cigarette smoking has become an precarious act in todays age of information and technology. In a recent press conference, our Prime Minister stated that the rate of cigarette has been raised drastically over decade. Therefore, to overcome this negative act, the relevant authorities have identified the effect of cigarette smoking. One of the effects of cigarette smoking is endanger our body health. Cigarette is made for nicotine and tars which is a chemical substance that have drug. Indirectly, a tremendous of number of youths was influenced by cigarette because the youths suggest smoking can dampen their stress in working or studying. It is cannot be defied smoking can contribute our body disease crisis ailments such as lung cancer, asthma and etcetera. Moreover, cigarette smoking main factor to lead to air pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Cigarette Smoking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fumes of smoking which can contribute to global warming and green house effect. These negative impacts will not only endanger and threaten our health, ut also destroy our earth. Ill health is miserable because health is important than even a gold. So, what are the mean of livelihood to combat this severe problem? Last but no emphatically least, family and friend play a cardinal role of solve this problem. Family must take notice of their children and pay attention on their action due to bypass they addict in smoking. In addition to that , friend also a crucial role to tackle this issue. For example, we should reject from our friend who have addict smoking and persuade they from being turned into smoker. In a nutshell, eople from all walks of life must make conscious effort to prevent this critical problem take place continuously. The government must organize camp alert to give speech to our social about impact of taking smoking. Apart from that, government should also suspend bazaar license who have sell cigarette to under 18 years old. To sum it up, as responsible citizens of our country, we should play a magnificent role in eradicating smoking. This would definitely lead our nation towards the path of excellence. However, if this issue is not viewed seriously, then achieving the objectives of our nation would become a herculean task.

Free Will free essay sample

A study on how the application of David Humes theory of free will could contribute to a better society. The paper shows that by utilizing philosopher David Humes theory that everyone has free will, regardless of the previous circumstances, and is accountable for their behavior, we could produce a more responsible and civil society and reduce much of the immoral, unethical and criminal behavior. In the hospital, a woman does not give birth to a doctor, lawyer, ballerina, policeman, or athlete it is always, without exception, a boy or a girl (Zigler, See you at the Top). It is the choices that are made from free will that decides who the person is that will derive from birth. Teachers and parents, along with other leaders, have a responsibility to give the child the fundamentals to live as productively as possible. The correct mentality, and guidance can produce miracles in helping the child become an adult who accomplishes great things. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Will or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This applies to adults as well. Psychology, properly used, will teach one that the decisions made now will reflect what behavior one will choose, out of free will.

Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Essay Example

Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Essay The summary of my performance for my group project was to get the best sound possible from the interview. Our first shoot day went well even though all 6 of us had to squeeze in one vehicle to reach our destination at UCF. When we arrived to our location we found a nice spot to interview in the library so we had to be quite while setting up. I began to go through the sound equipmentgetting out the lavs and setting them up to the talent and the camera. I checked the levels and had the talent talk to give it a test. The boom was next by using the shotgun mic and testing that as well. I put the mic under the talent because it casted a shadow that the camera picked up. The whole process of setting up the sound gear took only about 10 min so we were able to get the first interview done quickly. I used the same two equipments throughout the three interviews. A problem we encountered at the last interviewee house was that the wind was very loud and you can hear it through the mic. So each time it picked up we had to wait until it slowed down. I came across one problem with the second interview, I wasn’t able to hear the lavs through the headphones so I called the lab teacher for help. He kindly walked me through the situation and the problem happened to be right in my face. I mistakenly put the headphone in the mic port instead of the headphone picture. We accomplished to get through the interview without any screw ups. The interviewees were very comfortable with us and made the interview run smoothly. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My thoughts and feelings about the process of documentary filmmaking is that it comes down to getting from point A where you are now to point B having a finished film. I feel like more stuff should be documented because it’s such an interesting project and it gives you the answers you been looking for and the facts. it gives you the insight of the people thats in the field and what they had to overcome. While we were interviewing the w

Lake Description free essay sample

Descriptive Essay Lake Panonica On a hot summer day, the only good place to go is to the lake. You would go out to the lake to enjoy the water, the sun, the activities that are happening, or just to be with family and friends. We’re lucky enough to have such a lake right in the centre of our town. When youre at the lake, there are some very distinct smells. The salty smell of water blended in with the nature and the trees surrounding you which makes you feel as if you were miles away from the city, somewhere on the coast. You can also enjoy the sweet coconut smell of sun tanning lotion that people put on themselves while they lay into the sun to basically cook. But if youre looking for a quiet relaxation at the lake, I dont think that will work out too well. We will write a custom essay sample on Lake Description or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The lake is always really loud throughout the day. Youll definitely be able to hear the laughter and the excitement of children as they splash around in the lake, as well as the large amount of people talking and just basically having fun.Also the music from the nearby cafe is quite deafening, you can even hear it outside the margins of the lake. While youre at the lake you can always get involved in some fun activities, if you arent able to relax. You can go exercise on various machines, play volleyball in the sand, unless you don’t want get a bit dirty and sweaty, you can go to the waterfall and just enjoy the massaging effect of the water. In case you get hungry, there are always little stands with ice cream and soda to freshen you up even more. Overall the lake is a lot of fun to go to if you just want to get away from the busy, smelly city that you live in. If you are there early enough, for instance if you want to avoid the big crowd that comes in around noon, you will be able to see a beautiful, bright sunrise and if you enjoy staying out on the beach until the evening, Im sure you can catch a calming and loving sunset.

Free Essays on The Business World

The business world is an ever-growing technology world. Today we have fax machines, laptops, cell phones etc†¦ and the business world is using all these advances to their advantages. Mr. Peretz made that clear in his presentation. I can’t say I learn much from him because most of what he said I already new. The only thing I can say that was interesting is the security card. This card helped because as we spoke in class one time about the measures that taken to prevent misuse of information systems. The other thing that Mr.Peretz helped in is about the world of investing. As I mentioned in my goals I most invest, If I could get in contact with him again, I will surely like his help in investing so he could make me a little below two billion dollars. He knows what he is doing and proud of what he does. I would love to be in his position when I am in the working business world. Overall, Mr.Peretz help me appreciate the value of an Alfred University degree. I know that when I graduate from this school that I will be prepared for the business world. Hopefully, I will be making a lot of money as well. I really enjoyed this experience and hope we have more alumni presentations in the class. It’s good to know what our text is stating is not false.... Free Essays on The Business World Free Essays on The Business World The business world is an ever-growing technology world. Today we have fax machines, laptops, cell phones etc†¦ and the business world is using all these advances to their advantages. Mr. Peretz made that clear in his presentation. I can’t say I learn much from him because most of what he said I already new. The only thing I can say that was interesting is the security card. This card helped because as we spoke in class one time about the measures that taken to prevent misuse of information systems. The other thing that Mr.Peretz helped in is about the world of investing. As I mentioned in my goals I most invest, If I could get in contact with him again, I will surely like his help in investing so he could make me a little below two billion dollars. He knows what he is doing and proud of what he does. I would love to be in his position when I am in the working business world. Overall, Mr.Peretz help me appreciate the value of an Alfred University degree. I know that when I graduate from this school that I will be prepared for the business world. Hopefully, I will be making a lot of money as well. I really enjoyed this experience and hope we have more alumni presentations in the class. It’s good to know what our text is stating is not false....

An Easier Way To Tell Your Story Using Content Marketing

An Easier Way To Tell Your Story Using Content Marketing The term story is used all the time with content marketing. â€Å"Find your story,† they say. â€Å"Tell your unique story.† Well, sometimes your story can be so big, it can be hard to know where to start. Do you have a ton of ideas for blog posts but struggle to find the topics your audience would care about the most? Is it hard to understand the connection from one blog post to another? Creating content that connects one blog post with the next can seem like a complex process. But it doesnt have to be. An Easier Way To Tell Your Story Using Content Marketing #ContentMarketing #Storytelling How Story Flows Can Help You Create Connected and Relevant Content Defining your story about a specific topic- and breaking down that huge concept with story flows- will help you create better content. Story flows are just a small group of ideas you can use to create content. They are parts- or chapters- of your story that can help you manage your process much easier while making sure your content is connected. Story flows can make sure that all of your content marketing is connected. #ContentMarketingIf you have a ton of ideas- or even none at all- the process of defining your story and subsequent flows will help you: Find your topic. Connect that topic with your audience. Discover the unique story you’ll share. Find patterns to connect your blog posts. Manage your blog posts as projects. Reuse your blog posts as larger content formats (like e-books, webinars or whatever your audience wants). Essentially, the process of defining your story and story flows will help you plan your work to help you create blog posts faster and more strategically. Give this a try in the morning, and youll be creating better content by the afternoon. Heres how it works. Step 1: Find Your Topic Whether youre a product or service company, you probably have a million things you could talk about. For this process to work, its essential to narrow your topic to just one thing. That’s not to say that you could create content for multiple topics- just concentrate on one at a time while planning this stuff so your head doesnt explode. Topics are typically high-level niches your company is well-known for- or wants to become well-known for. Were not looking for broad, sweeping industry terms here- this cant cover everything your business does. Instead, focus on something truly unique to your company that makes you stand out from your competition. Thats your topic. Ask yourself: Whats the first topic you want to tackle? Step 2: Connect That Topic With Your Audience Knowing the topic you want to talk about is one thing. In order for your content marketing to be successful, you need to make sure your audience actually cares about that topic. At this point, you need to have an understanding of your customer base- your content marketings audience. For this practice to work, understand that everyone is not a good answer for who your audience is! Everyone is not a good answer to the question who is my audience?   #ContentMarketing #ProTipYou may have heard of reader personas before to help you think of your audience while you write blog posts. That may be exactly what you need to connect your topic with your audience. Ive seen marketers create content that only talks about their products or services (what theyve defined as their topic) without figuring out what their audience really wants from their business. Its a huge waste of effort to create content without understanding your audiences needs. You have things you want to talk about. There are people who want to hear about those things. But they may not want to hear the features of your product or service, but learn about a way to do something different- better, faster or easier- as related to your topic. As an example, provides an editorial calendar as a product and service, but a topic we  concentrate on is helping our  customers enhance their own content marketing. Ask yourself: Who cares about your topic enough to search for information to solve their need? Step 3: Discover the Unique Story You’ll Share Now its time to explore the details of your topic and the things your audience cares about. This is when you define your content core- your content marketing story. In this step, you need to find your topic expert (whether its you or someone else in your company) and gather some information from them. If you think of this like an interview, you need to ask about this stuff: What does your audience already know about your topic? How did they learn about it? Why does your audience care about your topic? How can you help them learn more about that topic? So when you start gathering that information, keep these three things in mind: Ask enough questions to make sure you fully understand the topic. Connect your knowledge with your audiences needs. Use what you learned to define a mission statement to help you stay focused. Put it to work: Find the information to understand your topic, audience and mission statement. Step 4: Find Patterns to Connect Your Blog Posts When you discover your story, you’ll find a ton of ideas you could create blog posts about. Dont let this overwhelm you- this is when your story flows will help you strategically plan your blog posts. Organize all those ideas from awareness level messages to the ones that help your audience make big decisions. One way to think about this is with a traditional marketing funnel. The funnel can help you visualize which ideas your prospects might be interested in- people just discovering your topic- versus people who are nearly ready to use your product or service. You should categorize your discovery ideas at the top of the funnel, whereas the big decision-making ideas are probably at the bottom of the funnel. Organize your ideas in an ideal chronological order. So think of it this way: If someone were to read every single blog post you write, which posts would come first, second, third and so on. Organizing your ideas in chronological order can help you choose ideas from beginning to end for your story flows. This way, when you write your blog posts, you’ll walk your audience through an entire journey from awareness to helping them make a decision. Once you have your ideas in order, look for patterns from the beginning of the list to the end. For example, you might see a pattern on how your audience could do something faster, which would be helpful for them to save time they could use on other projects. There will be ideas from the top of the funnel all the way to the bottom that could come together as a story flow for these ideas. It’s important for your story flows to have ideas from awareness to decision-making. As you laid out in your ideal chronological order, you want to funnel your audience to the end ideas to help them make a decision. You can’t do that if you don’t have a story flow with ideas ranging from the top of the funnel all the way to the bottom. Put it to work: Categorize your ideas in a chronological order (as if your audience were to read every blog post you write from start to finish). Step 5: Manage Your Blog Posts as Projects When you looked through the ideas that make up your story, you were probably able to come up with a number of story flows. This is helpful because you can manage your blog posts as projects- pick a small group of ideas to tackle at a time. For example, if you had 10 ideas that came together in a story flow, that has the potential to be 10 or more blog posts. Now you can manage those posts with your editorial calendar and assign them as projects with specific due dates. At this time, you may want to spread out a single story flow throughout the year- and work on several story flows at the same time. That gives you time to create minimum viable content and measure the success of a given story flow- piece by piece- while consistently creating strategic content. Though this approach involves working on several projects (story flows) at a time, its very manageable by planning your work for the upcoming weeks, month or year (depending on the size of your story flows) using an editorial calendar. In this example, its easy to spot blog posts planned for three story flows because they are highlighted with different colors. Your story flows give you the opportunity to plan your work and help you move faster while strategically connecting all of the content you create. Put it to work: Plan your ideas as blog posts on your editorial calendar. Step 6: Reuse Your Blog Posts in Larger Content Formats When youre done with your blog posts for a specific story flow, you now have so much connected content that you can create larger pieces from those posts. After you create enough blog posts to complete a story flow, you can reuse that content for larger formats like e-books, webinars and videos (among others). Imagine your blog posts coming together as chapters in an e-book. After you have an e-book, couldnt you use that same content for discussion points in a webinar? And after that webinar is over, couldnt you share that recorded webinar as a training video? And maybe you could even write a few more blog posts to share that video of the webinar. Being able to reuse your blog posts for larger forms of content is one of the biggest benefits of strategically planning your story flows. Ask yourself: How can you repurpose the blog posts you wrote for specific story flows into larger content formats your audience wants? What Will You Do Now? I meant it when I said a lot of this can be done in a single day. The beauty of the process is that it can be as extensive or relaxed as you need it to be. How could you plan and execute your content marketing using story flows?

About World War II Japanese Soldier Lt. Hiroo Onoda

About World War II Japanese Soldier Lt. Hiroo Onoda In 1944, Lt. Hiroo Onoda was sent by the Japanese army to the remote Philippine island of Lubang. His mission was to conduct guerrilla warfare during World War II. Unfortunately, he was never officially told the war had ended; so for 29 years, Onoda continued to live in the jungle, ready for when his country would again need his services and information. Eating coconuts and bananas and deftly evading searching parties he believed were enemy scouts, Onoda hid in the jungle until he finally emerged from the dark recesses of the island on March 19, 1972. Called to Duty Hiroo Onoda was 20 years-old when he was called up to join the army. At the time, he was far from home working at a branch of the Tajima Yoko trading company in Hankow (now Wuhan), China. After passing his physical, Onoda quit his job and returned to his home in Wakayama, Japan in August of 1942 to get into top physical condition. In the Japanese army, Onoda was trained as an officer and was then chosen to be trained at an Imperial Army intelligence school. At this school, Onoda was taught how to gather intelligence and how to conduct guerrilla warfare. In the Philippines On December 17, 1944, Lt. Hiroo Onoda left for the Philippines to join the Sugi Brigade (the Eighth Division fromHirosaki). Here, Onoda was given orders by Major Yoshimi Taniguchi and Major Takahashi. Onoda was ordered to lead the Lubang Garrison in guerrilla warfare. As Onoda and his comrades were getting ready to leave on their separate missions, they stopped by to report to the division commander. The division commander ordered: You are absolutely forbidden to die by your own hand. It may take three years, it may take five, but whatever happens, well come back for you. Until then, so long as you have one soldier, you are to continue to lead him. You may have to live on coconuts. If thats the case, live on coconuts! Under no circumstances are you [to] give up your life voluntarily. 1 Onoda took these words more literally and seriously than the division commander could ever have meant them. On the Island of Lubang Once on the island of Lubang, Onoda was supposed to blow up the pier at the harbor and destroy the Lubang airfield. Unfortunately, the garrison commanders, who were worried about other matters, decided not to help Onoda on his mission and soon the island was overrun by the Allies. The remaining Japanese soldiers, Onoda included, retreated into the inner regions of the island and split up into groups. As these groups dwindled in size after several attacks, the remaining soldiers split into cells of three and four people. There were four people in Onodas cell: Corporal Shoichi Shimada (age 30), Private Kinshichi Kozuka (age 24), Private Yuichi Akatsu (age 22), and Lt. Hiroo Onoda (age 23). They lived very close together, with only a few supplies: the clothes they were wearing, a small amount of rice, and each had a gun with limited ammunition. Rationing the rice was difficult and caused fights, but they supplemented it with coconuts and bananas. Every once in a while, they were able to kill a civilians cow for food. The cells would save up their energy and use guerrilla tactics to fight in skirmishes. Other cells were captured or were killed while Onodas continued to fight from the interior. The War Is Over...Come Out Onoda first saw a leaflet that claimed the war was over in October 1945. When another cell had killed a cow, they found a leaflet left behind by the islanders which read: The war ended on August 15. Come down from the mountains!2 But as they sat in the jungle, the leaflet just didnt seem to make sense, for another cell had just been fired upon a few days ago. If the war were over, why would they still be under attack? No, they decided, the leaflet must be a clever ruse by the Allied propagandists. Again, the outside world tried to contact the survivors living on the island by dropping leaflets out of a Boeing B-17 near the end of 1945. Printed on these leaflets was the surrender order from General Yamashita of the Fourteenth Area Army. Having already hidden on the island for a year and with the only proof of the end of the war being this leaflet, Onoda and the others scrutinized every letter and every word on this piece of paper. One sentence in particular seemed suspicious, it said that those who surrendered would receive hygienic succor and be hauled to Japan. Again, they believed this must be an Allied hoax. Leaflet after leaflet was dropped. Newspapers were left. Photographs and letters from relatives were dropped. Friends and relatives spoke out over loudspeakers. There was always something suspicious, so they never believed that the war had really ended. Over the Years Year after year, the four men huddled together in the rain, searched for food, and sometimes attacked villagers. They fired on the villagers because, We considered people dressed as islanders to be enemy troops in disguise or enemy spies. The proof that they were was that whenever we fired on one of them, a search party arrived shortly afterward.  It had become a cycle of disbelief. Isolated from the rest of the world, everyone appeared to be the enemy. In 1949, Akatsu wanted to surrender. He didnt tell any of the others; he just walked away. In September 1949 he successfully got away from the others and after six months on his own in the jungle, Akatsu surrendered. To Onodas cell, this seemed like a security leak and they became even more careful of their position. In June 1953, Shimada was wounded during a skirmish. Though his leg wound slowly got better (without any medicines or bandages), he became gloomy. On May 7, 1954, Shimada was killed in a skirmish on the beach at Gontin. For nearly 20 years after Shimads death, Kozuka and Onoda continued to live in the jungle together, awaiting the time when they would again be needed by the Japanese Army. Per the division commanders instructions, they believed it was their job to remain behind enemy lines, reconnoiter and gather intelligence to be able to train Japanese troops in guerrilla warfare in order to regain the Philippine islands. Surrendering at Last In October 1972, at the age of 51 and after 27 years of hiding, Kozuka was killed during a clash with a Filipino patrol. Though Onoda had been officially declared dead in December 1959, Kozukas body proved the likelihood that Onoda was still living. Search parties were sent out to find Onoda, but none succeeded. Onoda was now on his own. Remembering the division commanders order, he could not kill himself yet he no longer had a single soldier to command. Onoda continued to hide. In 1974, a college dropout named Norio Suzuki decided to travel to the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, Nepal, and perhaps a few other countries on his way. He told his friends that he was going to search for Lt. Onoda, a panda, and the Abominable Snowman.  Where so many others had failed, Suzuki succeeded. He found Lt. Onoda and tried to convince him that the war was over. Onoda explained that he would only surrender if his commander ordered him to do so. Suzuki traveled back to Japan and found Onodas former commander, Major Taniguchi, who had become a bookseller. On March 9, 1974, Suzuki and Taniguchi met Onoda at a pre-appointed place and Major Taniguchi read the orders that stated all combat activity was to be ceased. Onoda was shocked and, at first, disbelieving. It took some time for the news to sink in. We really lost the war! How could they have been so sloppy? Suddenly everything went black. A storm raged inside me. I felt like a fool for having been so tense and cautious on the way here. Worse than that, what had I been doing for all these years? Gradually the storm subsided, and for the first time I really understood: my thirty years as a guerrilla fighter for the Japanese army were abruptly finished. This was the end. I pulled back the bolt on my rifle and unloaded the bullets. . . . I eased off the pack that I always carried with me and laid the gun on top of it. Would I really have no more use for this rifle that I had polished and cared for like a baby all these years? Or Kozukas rifle, which I had hidden in a crevice in the rocks? Had the war really ended thirty years ago? If it had, what had Shimada and Kozuka died for? If what was happening was true, wouldnt it have been better if I had died with them? During the 30 years that Onoda had remain hidden on Lubang island, he and his men had killed at least 30 Filipinos and had wounded approximately 100 others. After formally surrendering to Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, Marcos pardoned Onoda for his crimes while in hiding. When Onoda reached Japan, he was hailed a hero. Life in Japan was much different than when he had left it in 1944. Onoda bought a ranch and moved to Brazil but in 1984 he and his new wife moved back to Japan and founded a nature camp for kids. In May 1996, Onoda returned to the Philippines to see once again the island on which he had hidden for 30 years. On Thursday, January 16, 2014, Hiroo Onoda died at age 91. Resources and Further Reading Hiroo Onoda,No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War (New York: Kodansha International Ltd., 1974) 44.Onoda,No Surrender;75. 3. Onoda,No Surrender94. 4. Onoda,No Surrender7. 5. Onoda,No Surrender14-15.Hiroo Worship.  Time  25 March 1974: 42-43.Old Soldiers Never Die.  Newsweek  25 March 1974: 51-52.Onoda, Hiroo.  No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War. Trans. Charles S. Terry. New York: Kodansha International Ltd., 1974.Where It Is Still 1945.  Newsweek  6 Nov. 1972: 58.

History of Photography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Photography - Research Paper Example Many photographers in the world who have made their lives out of making photographs that depict their characters and speak volumes about the environment they take the events (Pollen 71). Photography started as an art in the 1830s but came into recognition ten years later. However, before photography was created people previously knew the theory of how photography works. Camera Obscura was the first model of image processing gadget that gave the people the idea to invent better camera forms. In this gadget, the image was projected upside down. This was back in the 14 and 13th century. The meaning of Camera Obscura in Latin is the darkroom. The development of photography was assumed to the assassin of the fine art. The renowned artists like Leonardo and Michelangelo and others used the concept of the Camera Obscura. An Italian scholar took time to write an essay on using the camera obscura as an aid in drawing. The obscura would give better aid in the process of making fine art accordi ng to the essay. The Italian scholar Giovanni Battista della Portacentury gave paradigms in the extensive use of obscura in art  (Ivan 1). One could trace from the bigger projected image. The invention of the camera in the 1825 where there was the window le Gras by the inventor Joseph Niepce. The continuity in the invention of the camera forged on to the 1888 where the Eastman Kodak company brought the film camera into existence. In the past the black and white production of photos became popular propelling Kodak to other levels in the world of the developing photography. There are renowned photographers like Alfred Stieglitz who was a promoter of modern art. He has the credit of making photography what it is now (Ivan 1). In this paper, the artist of choice is Carol Guzy a renowned photographer. The choice of this photographer is inspired by the fact that she has a natural way of presenting her art to the audience. Carol Guzy was the first lady to receive the recognition of newsp aper photographer of the year in the 90s. She has also had Pulitzer prizes in her photography. Guzy went on to win the best photojournalism of the year in 2009 sealing her effect on the lives of audience. Carol Guzy’s touch in photography is made by the fact that she does not take photos. She documents the emotion of the environments around her. Carol is a modern photographer who focuses her art on the emotions instead of the moments. The fact that she uses this attribute of emotion in the photos she makes gives her the upper hand in the making of the best pictures on the events that are happening. The pictures she takes give a better aspect on the feeling on the ground. She has delved into many corners of the world and documented some of the best pictures to give a better understanding of the situation in the place the photo originates (Michael n.p). Carol’s motivation She was not technical in nature but the introduction to the love of photography was instilled in her by the fact that Carol’s ex boyfriend presented her with a camera after noticing her having a knack of shooting her dogs. The camera was a 35mm camera. The camera that was given to her was the first motivation to the successful career. She felt it was her true calling. Having come from an average family in the USA, she loved art but her mom who was working in the factory and struggled to support her thought it would be a nice hobby. She was enrolled to the nursing program. Half way through her

Storm Drainage Design Project - Scientific methods Assignment

Storm Drainage Design Project - Scientific methods - Assignment Example To understand more on the subject at hand, we first define what is a storm and a hydrograph. According to Wikipedia, a storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere, especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather. It may be marked by strong wind, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm), heavy precipitation, such as ice or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere.1 Meanwhile a hydrograph is defined as "a representation of flow for a particular stream and is used to evaluate the watershed runoff volumes and the peak flow rates from a single storm or set of storms. This information is then used in the design of flood control facilities."2 A storm obviously has a fundamental effect on the course of rivers and other bodies of water and is part of the process known as the water cycle. The water cycle "..consists of four distinct stages: storage, evaporation, precipitation, and runoff. Water may be stored temporarily in the ground; i n oceans, lakes, and rivers; and in ice caps and glaciers. It evaporates from the earth's surface, condenses in clouds, falls back to the earth as precipitation, and eventually either runs into the seas or reevaporates into the atmosphere."3 Thus, we see the relationship between storm and runoff (which is flooding) in this cycle. Storm hydrographs are therefore "..graphs that show how a drainage basin responds to a period of rainfall. They are useful in planning for flood situations and times of drought as they show the discharge (amount of water reaching channel via surface run-off, through flow, and base flow) that originated as precipitation."4 The hydrograph in other words is simply a record of the flooding events in a river as an effect of rain and storm. II. Factors Influencing Hydrographs What are the factors that influence the appearance of storm hydrographs Since the hydrograph is a graphical representation of the flow versus time, any aspect that will affect flow will likewise affect the graph. Flow, being a unit of volume over time or velocity and area, implies that the parameters of area and velocity contribute to how the hydrograph is presented. The following are the factors as stated in Wikipedia : Soil Saturation is dependant on previous rainfall, or otherwise known as antecedent rainfall. The surroundings; Rural or Urban (Could be less impermeable surface, or the surface type could vary) Vegetation type (Deforestation and amount of interception) Steepness of surrounding land, or 'relief' land Drainage density (Number of tributaries) Geology (Rock Type; Impermeable=flashier hydrographs. Or Permeable) Season dependent; Very dry weather creates a crust on the river bed. Wet winters create increase in discharge. Soil Type (Clay, sand etc.) Clay would create a flashy hydrograph, but there could be a continuum between the two.5 As can be observed from the above factors, when the factors contribute to a faster flow, the resulting hydrograph is a "flashy" one. It means that peak flow is high and the time from the heaviest rainfall and the largest flow of the river is very small. It is noted that the term "flash" floods are similarly coined. Other factors mentioned above such as impermeable surf

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Essay - 2

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror - Essay Example The work that follows discusses the right of habeas corpus in the war on terror and its historical evolution. Historical Evolution of habeas corpus According to English tradition, habeas corpus fought for liberty of citizens after English land owners forced it on King John in their constitutional document named Magna Charta (Halliday, 2010). The constitutional document declared that no seizure, imprisonment, exile or injury shall occur on anyone except by lawful judgment by the law of the land. In other words everyone had a right to freedom unless they pass through due law process. The common-law courts became the first to use habeas corpus in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries competing with feudal courts, which local land owners controlled (King & Hoffmann, 2011:). These feudal courts had no consistency in their procedures, and the common-law courts began issuing orders demanding release of prisoners in the feudal courts. According to the U.S tradition, Americans believed habe as corpus as a weapon used to defend an individual’s liberty, and planned to protect it from suspension in times of peace through inclusion of a provision in Article I of their constitution (King & Hoffmann, 2011:). ... ?s war against terrorism, habeas corpus checks abuse of government power on alleged terrorists or suspected aliens or criminals to ensure protection of individuals’ liberty. Examples from U.S. history of the suspension of habeas corpus and their applicability to the present There are several examples of suspension of habeas corpus in the United States history, which are in application at present. An example of habeas corpus suspension is during the reign of Abraham Lincoln. Although authorizing order of the suspension took place in the year 1861, the suspension took place in March 1863 (Dueholm, 2008). The orders given stated that, first, throughout the war period, any person committing a disloyal practice or giving aid to rebels against the U.S authority would be liable to punishment by military commission or courts martial. Secondly, the orders stated that the suspension of habeas corpus was in respect to all persons arrested in places confined by military commission or auth ority. As Article I in the U. S constitution stated, the government had authority to suspend the writ of habeas corpus incase there is risk of security, and when the public safety requires it. Lincoln got authority to suspend habeas corpus after Congress passed an act, two years to the war (Dueholm, 2008). According to the article, the president had executive power vested in them, which gave authority to conduct any changes in the government. The suspension of habeas corpus still applies at present, as the president still has powers to execute changes in the government. Another example in U. S history is seen when Bush signed a law in October 2006 that suspended the rights of habeas corpus to persons whom United States considered an enemy in the war against terror (Longley, 2013). However, this

Mid Term Paper on Peter Browning and Continental White Cap (A) Article

Mid Term Paper on Peter Browning and Continental White Cap (A) - Article Example As such, the case delineates the issues and hardships that Browning has with meeting each of these requirements and seeking to ensure that he does not take away from the magic that has allowed for this particular branch to experience a degree of success in the path; rather that he can try to maximize this. The reader is ultimately able to come away with an appreciation for how the best practices take shape with regards to the experience that Browning has and the way in which he seeks to elicit stakeholder support. Position: With regards to being for or against the article, it must be stated that this particular student is patently for most of the changes and the particular approach that was delineated. This is due to the fact that the change agent, Browning first sought to engage all of the stakeholders in the process and forge a path forward. This is not always an easy step to make and many agents of change fall into the pit of seeking to instantly begin changes for the sake of chan ge. However, the entire case cannot be considered as a best practice; partially due to the fact that the author references the inability and difficulty that Browning had with regards to managing the friendships that he had. Naturally, it is not the expectation of this author that he should have necessarily been able to turn his back upon the personal friendships and co-operative levels of understanding that he had built so many of the 20 years of his career building. With all of that being said, no single case provides a running tally of best practices for each and every agent of change to follow; however, the case of Browning is at least a starting point by which the student can come to better understand the conflicts and difficulties that are likely to arise. 1. What was Browning's predicament at White Cap? There are a number of predicaments that Browning faced at Whitecap. Arguably, the greatest predicament of all was with regards to the fact that he was tasked with the very diff icult job of improving upon an already productive and profitable section. Whereas many change agents are asked to come in as a means of improving upon a dismal situation and/or turning a branch of a given firm around, Browning was tasked with the even more difficult job of using his skill and expertise as a means of evoking an even higher level of profitability and competitiveness out of the White Cap sector of Continental Group. A secondary issue that he faced was with regards to the culture and the way in which many of the individuals with whom he would need to interact and engage were in fact old friends of his; as a function of the fact that he had working relationships with them at some point over the past 20 years that he had been with Continental Group. As such, seeking the best way forward without damaging an already successful business entity, burning bridges among former colleagues and seeking to maximize the utility of the branch are but a few indicators of the many tight ropes that Browning had to walk. 2. What should his change objective and time frame be? Many agents of change seek to delve right in to a situation without taking the requisite amount of tie in seeking to understand what is broken, what needs fixing, what can be scrapped, and what should be

How Stress Affects The Immune System and Overall Health Research Paper

How Stress Affects The Immune System and Overall Health - Research Paper Example This weakness of body defenses against stress may end up creating negative outcomes on the physical, mental, internal and psychological health of people (Oxington 2005, p. 174). Stress also plays a vital role in changing and affecting immune system of human beings. This paper further analyzes how stress affects human beings’ overall health and immune system. A number of studies suggest that immune system is highly susceptible to stress and related issues. The effects on immune system are intense enough to reduce the effective of the system and consequently making human body more prone to illnesses. Stress hormones which are released in the bloodstream restrain the immune system to work efficiently and normally which in turn results in higher risks of illness. Psychoneuroimmunology is the study area of health psychology which mainly deals with the issues related to psychology and their effects on the immune system. Stress related issues and their influence on immune system form s a major area of research and discussion in this field. Research indicates that external stressors can be involved in the immune system in a number of different manners (Passer & Smith 2006, p 493). One way is the eviction of a variety of chemicals by extended fibers from the brain into lymph tissues. These chemicals bind to receptors of white blood cell and consequently affect the working efficiency of immune system. Moreover, stress hormones like cortisol and epinephrine, also bind to the cells affecting the overall immune system functioning. An effort to cope up with the stressors at times results in inappropriate behavioral patterns like substance abuse and insufficient sleep time which damages immunity (taylor 2006). In a healthy heart it is seen that a series of event occurs to pump blood out of the heart to the different parts of body. Cardiac Cycle consists of Atrial Systole, Atrial Diastole, Ventricular Systole and Ventricular Diastole. Systole in general is used for the c ontraction of heart muscles and diastole is used for the relaxation of the heart muscles. Atrial Diastole occurs when the atrial muscles relax and Ventricular Diastole happens when the ventricular muscles relax (Hall et al., 2011). Similarly Ventricular Systole occurs when the ventricular muscles contract and atrial systole occurs when the atrial muscles contract. Systole of 120mm Hg is considered to be excellent along with a Diastolic pressure of 80. Systolic pressure of 130 with Diastolic pressure of 85 is fair. Above this pressure it can be said that the pressures are poor. However the worst condition can be when the Systolic Pressure reaches 180 mm Hg and the Diastolic pressure reaches 110 respectively. Stress and sudden emergencies result in â€Å"secretion of excess adrenaline and noradrenaline, which causes sudden and considerable elevation in systolic blood pressure† (Khan 2005, p. 178) Blood pressure and stress are related directly or indirectly. Researchers have fou nd that stress either directly or indirectly plays a role in increasing the blood pressure. Stress causes an individual to go through an unhealthy routine and this may cause several hormones to be released. These hormones then cause constriction of vessels which would raise the blood pressure in an individual. Hence it can be said that blood pressure and stress are somehow related. It is commonly believed that high blood

Cuban Revolution Essay Example for Free

Cuban Revolution Essay The effects of the Cuban Revolution on women’s lives and gender relations in Cuba from 1959 to 1990 include that some say women have not reached equality yet with men, women gained more opportunities for themselves, economy and politics, and also how women still had responsibility for children and home, not men. One effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was the thought that women still have not reached equality with men. Ofelia Dominguez Navarra (#1), a female Cuban socialist feminist, believes an effect of the Cuban Revolution will change the social status of women to be less patriarchal. As a Cuban feminist, she probably believed this because the revolutionaries could change the Cuban Civil Code. Fidel Castro (#5), the Cuban president, believes an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women’s gender relations is that they will still be discriminated against, but will take some more time before women have full equality. Castro probably has this point of view because his audience was women and he wanted to be realistic so they understand the effort it is going to take to stop the oppression of women. Alina Fernandez (#6), a new mother and the daughter of president Castro, believes that despite the Cuban Revolution, there was no effect change in women’s rights in the home. Being expelled by her own father, she probably believes this because she lost her future job and now must struggle on her own to support her baby. An additional document that would help see their point of views how women did not gain much would be a letter from a single mother or supporter that did not get help with her problems. This would be helpful because it would show that even after the revolution, there was not a great effect for some women in a good way, and possibly even made it a harder life to care for her kids and herself. Another effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was that women gained more opportunities for themselves, economy, and politics. Yolanda Ferrer (#2), a female politician of Cuba, expresses her belief that an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was that a school for peasant women was created to teach basic job skills. As a woman, she probably believed this was good because it educated women and got them out of the house into jobs, which they had previously been excluded from. Genoveva Diaz, daughter of a Cuban revolutionary (#4), states her belief in an interview in 1970 that an effect on women from the Cuban Revolution gave women more opportunities to work in society and become equal to men. She probably had this point of view because before the revolution, women did not have freedom, money, or facilities to study; which are accessible now for women to use and work in society. A Cuban mother interviewed by a United States journalist in 1980(#7), believes that an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was the Family Code introduction, which guarantees equal rights to women in their homes. She probably believes this because day care centers help them and her daughters are able to collect an education. The United Nations, along with other international organizations (#8), collected data from Latin American communities to show that an effect of the Cuban Revolution was that women went from being significantly less educated than men to ability to be equally literate and involve a contribution to the economy. They had this point of view because of the social changes happening between 1953 and 1982 that caused the illiteracy rate of women to drop, as well as men, and increased the participation of women in the economy. The Communist Party (#9), showed an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women over time had an increased say in government and women’s rights. As politicians in Cuba, the Communists party published this because it made them look like a better political party due to the increased number of women participating in political matters, which they approve. An additional document that would be helpful seeing the positive effects of the revolution would be a speech from a political leader about how the growth of women has been surprising and helpful to the country. This would help because it would recognize how women’s contributions are needed to strengthen the country and prosper. Also, an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was how women were still responsible for taking care of the children and home, not the men. A male Cuban revolutionary sympathizer (#3), expresses his thoughts about women’s rights to an anthropologist in 1969, believing that an effect on women’s lives from the Cuban Revolution was that it gave women more freedom by gaining jobs, which he thought was wrong. As a male Cuban, he has this belief because it takes power away from men and time away from household tasks that aren’t preformed throughout the day by the woman. Vilma Espin, a female scientist, president of the Federation of Cuban women, and a member of the Cuban Communist Party’s Central Committee (#10), believes an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women is that they created a more stressful life to handle. She probably believes this because women gained jobs, but are still held responsible for raising children and household chores, rather than men contribute. An additional document that would be helpful on understanding this effect would be a journal entry or letter from a wife with children who had a job, creating a â€Å"double work shift. This would be helpful because we would get a look at first hand experience how hard and tiring it was to be responsible for so many things at high expectations from men. Thus, the effects of the Cuban Revolution on women’s lives and gender relations in Cuba from 1959 to 1990 include that some say women have not reached equality yet with men, women gained more opportunities for themselves, economy and politics, and also how women still had responsibility for children and home, rather than men.

Chaotic Curiosity or Curios Chaos

Chaotic Curiosity or Curios Chaos Abhishek Tiwari The word science comes from â€Å"scientia†, Latin word for knowledge. Webster’s dictionary defines science as â€Å"the knowledge covering the general truths of the operations of general laws, especially as obtained and tested through the scientific method and concerned with the physical world†. In a layman’s interpretation science is a systematic way to obtain the knowledge about the mystifying secrets of Mother Nature by few known facts, observations, and few approximate estimations. New theories and laws in science are proposed by using two points- 1) repetition or reproducibility of the data, and 2) computational simulation. But what happens if these fundamental rules are not followed in a system? As they say, exceptions to rules form new rules, these infringing systems fall into the category of â€Å"Chaotic systems†. Chaotic systems are those in which the distant results are practically unknowable. The Theory of Chaos rules this domain of sci ence. Today chaos theory is a field of study in mathematics with several applications in the fields of biology, cosmology, economics, engineering, meteorology, and physics. It talks about deterministic dynamic systems which are not just highly but infinitely sensitive to the initial conditions. Under such circumstances even with a fraction of difference in the initial stages would yield into complete different outcomes every time the process is started hence defying the first basic rule in experimentation. Every technology is built with its own error, limitations and approximation, and therefore computer simulation of such a dynamic system to know about its fate at certain point in space-time would either require a huge amount of initially defined components or a long time calculations which would still differ with the actual outcome. In other words the deterministic nature of such dynamic systems may not help in determining their future. Meteorologist Edward Lorenz was the first pe rson to talk about chaotic systems. He summarized this theory as, â€Å"when the present determines the future, but the approximate present does not approximately determines the future†. In 1972 Edward Lorenz wrote a paper titled as â€Å"Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?† on the theory of Chaos. Edward Lorenz accidentally came across this topic while doing his work on weather forecast. Using a simple computer of his time, he was running a weather simulation. However due to time constraints he started his work mid way and to his astonishment he got a completely diverted results from the previous output. He concluded that the difference was generated due to the rounding-off of the numbers in the input. The consensus of the difference should practically have no effect on the immediate prediction but in a long run produced a significant difference. The word chaos is generally taken as complete disarray is a misnomer for this theory. The chaotic systems are not cluttered but are disciplined to an extent. Like we know for sure that the moon would not collide with earth in few weeks but the prediction remains uncertain for a longer time period. Similarly weather forecasts are known most accurately about a week before. Therefore chaotic systems are predictable for a while but later on with time it becomes random. The effectiveness of our prediction can be determined by following factors:- The extent of randomness acceptable The accuracy in defining the present state of the system The relative time scale (called Lyapunov time). In the hunt for defining the accurate state of the system the information increases tremendously and the uncertainty in the forecast increases exponentially over the time, thereby rendering distant forecasts meaningless. The state of the system is defined by a set number of points which tends to be accurate in describing it, but each one of it having a different fate over long duration. Thus, for a reason, chaotic systems are practically not possible in Euclidian Geometry. In 1982, Benoit Mandelbrot Published â€Å"The Fractal Geometry of Nature † in which he argues that a twine ball when observed from a far distance looks like a point, from fair distance like a ball and from close like a curved strand. He argued that the appearance of an object is dependent upon the observer and they can be fractional. The book became one of the classics for the â€Å"chaologists† as some of them called themselves. A double rod pendulum is the easiest example of a chaotic system. It f ollows the general rule and also oscillates almost in the same pattern as the pendulum but with time there arises difference of fractals which causes a large deviation. The slight initial conditions causes complete different trajectory. The Theory of chaos very soon became a law governing many interdisciplinary subjects. The field of biology has great implications as the understanding of the nervous system, and the circulatory system, are proved to fit a fractal model. Biological evolution, eye tracking disorder in schizophrenics can also be explained in mathematical form using the chaos model. The natural phenomena like earthquakes, its intensities and its distribution became easier to explain with the model of fractals. More researches can be done on such knowledge to explore the darkest realms of reality. Another such phenomena which is not completely explored by the present knowledge of science due to some limits is the Theory of Black Hole. Elbert Einstein proposed the existence of such phenomena years before astronomers actually spotted one. According to Einstein one of the fate of a giant size star is that when its nuclear fuel exhausts the force of gravity starts pulling in the mass around it. The star becomes as tiny as possible and the star becomes highly dense. When the size of the star reduces the gravitational pull increases square times and when the size decreases to such an extent that to escape from the field of gravitational influence one would need to attain the speed of light; a black hole is born. The radius at such stage is called as the event horizon. The point when black hole is formed, scientist believes that at the centre the space-time phenomenon is destroyed. It is also called the ideal black body, as it reflects no light. The idea of such a massive body from which no matter can escape was put forth by John Michell in 1783. Earlier in times, such massive objects were not seen of any importance or rather a fancy sci-fi stuffs because scientists failed to understand how gravity would affect a mass-less wave such as light. All the black holes have mass, some have angular momentum and also electric charge. Black holes are classified on the basis of their masses and independent of the other two properties. They are, namely, supermassive black holes (~400A.U), intermediate mass black hole (~1000km), stellar black hole (~30km), and micro black hole (~0.1mm). The size of the black hole is determined by the radius of the event horizon. A particle can move randomly in space when it is away from the black hole. As the particle nears the black hole more paths lead it towards event horizon and less paths away from it. Once inside event horizon the particle has only one path and that is towards the centre where the mass is concentrated. It is then no longer possible for that particle to escape. Event horizon gets its name because any event occurring inside that boundary cannot reach outside observer by any means thus making one impaired to notice if such event took place. Another phenomena that takes place to an object nearing the black hole is that the time slows down. To an observer falling into the black hole the clock ticks normally but to a distant observer the time difference is significant. This phenomena is called Gravitational time dilation and was first proposed by Elbert Einstein in his theory of Relativity. Consequently experiments were carried out and it was found that atomic clocks placed at different altitudes that caused them to experience different gravitational pull differed in nanoseconds. The difference in the time between a clock on the surface of the earth and the satellite revolving around it is significantly different making it compulsion to correct the global positioni ng system’s clock after equal intervals. The Gravitational Time dilation was wonderfully showed in the 2014 Hollywood blockbuster Interstellar. With the clock slowing down from a free falling object into the black hole the light emitted or reflected by this object changes to red. This is known as the gravitational red shift or Einstein’s shift. This primarily happens because the frequency of the light wave is slowed down by the gravitational pull of the black hole changing the color to red. Red shift is denoted by dimensionless variable (z). , Where, ÃŽ »o stands for wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation recorded by the observer, ÃŽ »e stands for the wavelength of the radiation at the source of emission. Thus red shift can be defined as the fractional change in the wavelength of the emitted radiation. There is a corresponding phenomenon to red shift known as blue shift and it occurs when some object is pulled towards a stronger gravitational pull from an area of weak gravity. However the observer free falling into the black hole does not realize these changes. Basically this means that the observer does not realize when he entered the event horizon. As per one theory when the person reaches the point of singularity i.e. the centre of the black hole where the space-time graph extends to infinity, they are crushed to infinite density and its mass is added to the mass of the black hole. Just before reaching the point of singularity the object is torn apart by the tidal forces which is often called as â€Å"spaghettification†. However this can be avoided in a charged black hole or reissner-nordstrom black hole. It is hypothetically said that the black hole takes the object to another space-time by acting as a wormhole. Since no information can be transmitted out of the event ho rizon, knowing exactly of what takes place inside is impossible and hence the mystery is still unsolved The gas falling into a gravitational well will form a disc like structure due to the conservation of angular momentum. Friction caused within this formation should heat up the gases and they would start radiating x-rays. This is known to happen around neutron stars and white dwarfs. It is called accretion of mass. It is the most efficient way of producing large amounts of energy still known about 40% as compared to nuclear fusion generating 0.7% of mass as energy. It is now accepted that the centre of every galaxy contains a supermassive black hole. The evidence of this can be the motion of stars around the centre of any galaxy. Astronomers are studying a region call Sagittarius A from the year 1995. They found that there is about 4.3 million solar mass contained in a radius of less than 0.002 light years. This mass-distance ratio is 3000 times more than the mass-distance ratio of event horizon. It is therefore conclusive that the centre homes a supermassive black hole and nothing el se like a star cluster. Stephen Hawking, in 1974, proposed that the black holes might release some radiation. These radiations are hypothetical and are called Hawking radiations. It is suggested that if black holes emit radiations they may shrink. To this, Hawking suggested that the microwave radiation entering the black hole has far more energy in comparison to the energy emitted. In 1970’s he proposed that the total area of a black hole can never decrease even if two of them collide and merge. This became the second law of black hole mechanics and has striking similarity to second law of thermodynamics which states that the entropy of universe continues to increase. As per the old thinking it was considered that the black holes having absolute zero temperature had zero entropy. If this was the case then the second law of thermodynamics would be violated and the entropy of the universe would decrease. Therefore, Bekenstein along with Hawking formulated the entropy of a black hole as follows:- Where, Entropy = S; speed of light = c; Area of black hole = A ; Newton’s constant = G; Boltzmann constant = k; and reduced Plank constant = H. One striking thing to be noticed in the equation is that the entropy is related to the area of the black hole and not its volume which is rather the case in normal entropy calculation. With many such theories put forth by the great minds the human knowledge has greatly increased. Not just that the knowledge but also the interpretation of the universe around us has greatly changed. From discovering the way to measure time to discussing about its deviation with gravity and from the time when we placed earth in the centre of universe till proving the big bang theory not just the technology has evolved but also the way of living life on the planet and knowing how greatly we affect the surroundings has been brought to daily prospects. Can this evolution or the progress of human mind be infinite? Will someday religion be taken over by pure and fundamental science? Will human evolve as the creator and destroyer of the universe? What will happen then? Among these few questions are unknown and few are unknowable which will be revealed in the course of time. But one thing is assured that the curiosity in the human brain will keep driving it to discover the perplexity of the world around him. This will eventually help science to progress in every possible dimension. The counter side to the above promises is far bigger, which justifies the fact that humans have to face limitations, some created by their own laws and some by the nature. Everything that humans make has its own errors, and it is well known that nature does not work on approximations. The point where humans cannot visualize and the power to understand gives up is the region where religion rules. May be one day science will enable mankind to have super powers or may be one day humans will succumb to the super powers of the Mother Nature.